韩愈,字退之,是唐代中叶时的伟大文学家。他两岁时就死了父亲,不久他的母亲又死去。幼时依靠他哥哥韩会和嫂嫂郑夫人过活。韩会有一个嗣子(韩愈次兄介之子,出继与长兄为嗣)叫老成,排行十二,所以小名叫十二郎,年纪比韩愈小一点。后来韩会四十二岁的时候,因宰相元载的事,贬为韶州刺史,不到几个月就病死在韶州,这时韩愈只有十一岁,十二郎也很小。韩愈虽然有三个哥哥(会、弁、介),但都很早离开了人世。这时,继承祖先后代的,只有韩愈和他的侄子十二郎两个人,零丁孤苦,没有一天离开过。韩愈十九岁时自宜城前往京城,以后十年的时间中,只和十二郎见过三次面。当他正打算西归和十二郎永远生活在一起的时候,不幸十二郎就在这时死去了。韩愈知道了这消息,悲痛欲绝,写了一篇“祭十二郎文”,叫建中备了一些时下的物品从老远的地方去致祭他。这篇祭文,一字一泪,令人读来心酸。祭文中有“一在天之涯,一在地之角”的句子,后人便把它引伸成“天涯海角”这句话,用来比喻极其遥远的地方。
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